Hello I am Maria. I like to draw and I also history. In this video I will share with you what I have learned about helmets used by Samnites and about Apulo-Corinthian helmet in particular.
other videos from Ancient helmets series:
1. All types of Greek Helmets
2. Italic Helmets - Villanova and Italic tribes
3. Italic Helmets, Samnites - Apulo-Corinthian helmet
4. Italic Helmets, Samnites - Samno-Attic helmet
5. Italic helmets, Etruscans - Negau helmet
Below are the sources I used in preparing the entire series of articles on Italic helmets so you could investigate the topic by yourself.
Claudio Negrini, Marta Mazzoli and Giorgia Di Lorenzo - The Helmets of Verucchio: Production and Significance
Peter Connolly - Greece and Rome at War (AWESOME BOOK and ILLUSTRATIONS!)
Renato Ridello - Un elmo inedito nel Museo Archeologico di Como: manchester united problemi di classificazione degli bethesda elmi etruschi di VI e V sec. a.C.
Nadezhda Gulyaeva - Late Etruscan helmets in the Hermitage
Marta Mazzoli and Alessandro Naso - Some Italic Helmets in the Museum of Budapesht
John Miles Paddock - Development of cassis
There are certain difficulties in defining Samnite armament. Initially, the center of their territories was limited to areas between the Sangro and Ofanto rivers. However, by 500 BCE, they reached the coast, occupying territories from Campania to the southern tip of Italy. The Samnites who migrated to the coast, had close contact with the Greeks, and thus their armament has a strong influence of Greek examples. Hundreds of depictions of coastal Samnites are known; the problem lies in determining which elements of their armament are Greek and which originate from Samnite military culture.
Unlike the tribes inhabiting central and northern Italy, the Samnites, at least those living in coastal areas, used helmets with cheekguards to protect the head from side blows. In particular, they used Attic helmets with cheek guards attached on hinges. Samnite armament in general has a strong Greek imprint, but helmets especially. Here's a greek Attic helmet, and here's the Samnite variant. This type is often referred to as Samno-Attic. In addition to the Attic helmet, the Samnites, or more precisely the Lucanians - one of the Samnite tribes, used the Apulo-Corinthian (also called Italo-Corinthian) and variations on Thracian helmets. But all of these, of course, have local features.
In general, Samnite helmets are easily recognizable due to their decorative elements - feather holders and small wings made of bronze. These elements could be used separately or both together - on samno-attic helmets - we will talk about this type in the next video. Apulo-Corinthian is a more simple helmet - has only feather holders, no wings, and no cheek guards.
Actually the Apulo-Corinthian helmet is a southern Italian variant of the classic Greek Corinthian helmet. It is clearly a development of the Greek form, derived from it and Italian copies of Corinthian helmet produced in the coastal cities of Magna Graecia. Initially appearing in winning powerball numbers Apulia, the Apulo-Corinthian helmet spread throughout southern Italy and, through Etruscan possessions in Campania, reached Etruria itself.
This helmet form appears in the last quarter of the 6th century BC and continued to be used at least until the end of the 4th century. However, its depictions in art can be found up to the 1st century BC.
This helmet type is known under various names: "Ionian Chalcidian", "Italo-Corinthian", but the term "Apulo-Corinthian" is considered the most accurate. As Apulia is considered to be the birthplace of the helmet, this name most accurately reflects its origins.
Most helmets of this form are decorated with engravings in the "archaic" Italic style or in a more "naturalistic" Hellenistic style. However, the limited decorative repertoire and variations in the forms of early specimens indicate that they were initially produced in a small area over a short period of time, after which they spread throughout southern Italy. Finds of these helmets are concentrated in central and northern Apulia, confirming their origin from this region
